Blake Wilson hits the nail squarely on the head with the issue plaguing education in MS, concentrated poverty in the rural (and urban) districts. Simply put, the resources (human, fiscal, industrial, and structural) that are necessary to support public schooling in the 21st century are simply absent in these communities. The tax base just isn’t there, the educational level of the citizens isn’t there, and the businesses and educational amenities (museums, apprenticeship opportunities, community based activities, etc.) just aren’t in these communities. Now, the next question is why aren’t they there? Bob Moses saw this coming in the 1960’s. He coined the phrase “share-cropper education” to describe the types of educational experiences he saw the children receiving in the delta. Simply put, the lack of human and economic resources in these communities is no happenstance of chance. The Black citizens in these communities were purposefully denied educational, political and economic development opportunities for generations in order to maintain a share-cropper class of low skilled (and therefore low waged) workers to tend to the plantations that their ancestors left behind years before. After forced integration of the schools hit in 1970, the white citizens in these communities either left or enrolled their children in (sub-par) private segregation academies (that still stand today). What those white citizens left behind were schools systems (already too divided so as to maintain segregation) that were doomed to fail. As white citizens created and retreated to suburbs (think about Brandon in Rankin County, Madison in Madison County, and Oak Grove in Lamar County, etc.) the tax base in the communities left behind dwindled. So, what we see in areas like Sunflower County, Carroll County, and Hazlehurst are the proverbial “Chickens coming home to roost” of segregation and Jim Crow. Where I depart from Blake is the notion that MAEP is “adequate” enough to address this issue. The destruction of these communities necessitates educational interventions that rival what is taking place in the Harlem Children Zone in New York. The only thing that saves these districts is the Federal Title I dollars. What we need is extensive intervention at the state level for these communities and a reparations mindset when we come to the table to devise solutions. Equity support and intervention can no longer be seen in reference to how much we support suburban districts; it’s just more expensive to educate poor kids. The support must be targeted and intentional to make up for the generations of discrimination and deprivation that is the basis of the social and racial inequalities that we see. The education system has to make up for the resources that poor students do not have in the home due to poverty. Then, true racial reconciliation can begin.

Renaldo- You stated that private academies are sub par to public schools and I have seen Donna state that too. I am just wondering what ya'll are basing that on? Do you have graduation rates,college acceptance records,ACT scores,Scholarship giving, etc data for private schools that you are basing this on or just your opinions? I'm from the Delta, went to private school for 12yrs, have family that are administrators now in the public schools systems and also have taught at private schools in the past, and from my experience and their opinions from experience with both systems,the privates schools are superior to any public school in the Delta.

Bubba, not every private academy is worse than every public school. Don't mischaracterize me. But the truth is that many private academies (especially those set up as segregation academies) have huge holes in what they teach. Graduates from many of those academies complain about it constantly. Obviously, graduation rates aren't going to reflect that because those schools aren't subject to "No Child Left Behind" testing and the same standards. So it's hard to compare apples to oranges (by design). That doesn't mean smart kids don't come out of seg academies, and I meet many who are hungry to fill in the holes in their knowledge and education, just as I meet kids from public schools who are the same way. And with due respect, after seeing most of your posts here over the years, and the level of binary (and defensive) thinking imbedded in them, I suspect you could have benefitted from from rigorous teaching/questioning in your 12 years at that academy. In public schools today, teachers are forced to teach to the test. In many private schools, teachers are forced to teach to the ideology. I've talked to many of those teachers as well who are frustrated because of the strictures put on them, but who can't talk openly from fear of losing their jobs. Then there's the age-old problem that kids who only go to schools with kids who look like them, or have similar backgrounds (whether public or private school), are not learning to function and think well in such a multicultural country with a full grounding in history and knowledge of why things are the way they are. They don't know basic civics and American principles—like understanding that the establishment clause of the First Amendment brilliantly protects the freedom of religion that makes our country so great. Or they aren't taught the basic principle that "free speech" is about protecting citizens from government censorship--and doesn't mean that you can lie about anyone anytime you feel like it. They don't learn why racial divides exist, and are even taught that the Civil War wasn't about slavery (a big one in seg academies; my guess is they never hand out the Articles of Secession of Mississippi and the other southern states to the kids). They, too often, just aren't taught the things that make their parents and the people who set up their seg academies uncomfortable. In fact, they are often taught the opposite. Kids who don't go to school in diverse environments learn to distrust the "other," and then they make decisions as adults based on that, and it's huge reason that we are so binary and divided as a country.

And I'll say this, too, Bubba: A huge difference between you and me (the public-school girl) is that I knew when I came out of Neshoba Central and later Mississippi State and even later Columbia that my education wasn't complete. Good teachers (starting at Neshoba Central) had taught me to question and to constantly seek out new information. I learned to distrust any political party, and I learn to look for primary sources of media, not just rely on one biased source or media outlet or another. I try to constantly question my assumptions and those of the folks who work for me. That doesn't mean that I believe that Barack Obama and Herman Cain (or Newt or Rick) are both "equally" bad; it means that I think and compare and research and then can make my own decisions without a party or an anonymous blogger or a TV personality paid to be mean telling me what I'm supposed to think. I can also believe that a governor shouldn't pardon vicious killers, and that they should serve their full time, and believe that the death penalty is a flawed institution that discriminates *both* against the poor of all races and against people of color. (Note there are two examples of binary rejection in that statement.) I can believe that zero-tolerance policies are bad for all kids, and worse for kids of color, based on real research. (It's not either or.) I can criticize Republicans without being a Democrat. I can also like the president, and prefer him over alternatives, without supporting everything Dems do. I can think for myself. I can see that the Confederate battle flag is divisive and hurtful to a large number of our citizens and should not be embraced by our state government, even as I say that dude down on Highway 49 has the right to hang a huge one in his yard even as it turns my stomach. I can despise everything that the Klan stands for and still believe in their right to march in Skokie, Ill., or Jackson, Miss. (and our right to turn out and shout their asses down.) I can appreciate and enjoy much hip-hop music while challenging violent and misogynistic lyrics. I can also see that hip-hop isn't the only music that can lead by poor example in those ways. I could go on, but this is what I mean by learning to think.

Wow, Donna has really proven my point, Bubba. The binary thinking aspect of segregated learning is too often overlooked and is a sad and destructive consequence for Mississippi. Many people think that it is the goal of “Good Christian learnin’” to not learn differing viewpoints and worldviews. Learning how to appreciate diversity would taint their faith in God (I have actually sat in a Sunday school class where a man actually said that). But to speak to how do I know that segregation academies are sub-par, I must say that, just as Donna has noted, much of my assessment is anecdotal, and that is by design. I have talked to former seg. academy parents and students, and administrators in public school who occasionally have to process students from seg. academies into the public schools and they note much of what Donna notes about gaps in their curricula. These seg. academies do not publish vital stats about student achievement and success. This gives them a competitive advantage in these communities. Also, it plays on the fears, ignorance, and prejudices of people in the communities when they can remain silent on their curricula and standards. If nothing else, all they have to do is be there as a “grass is greener” alternative and parents are interested. As a note about the binary thinking that is spawned from such a educational structure and reinforced by the settled nature of dogmatic thinking around the state, I think Mississippi is severely crippled by this. Just as the debate about charter schools and immigration is heating up at the state capital, so much of it is being informed by binary thinking. Just this morning on the radio, I heard someone try to compare demanding "potential" illegal immigrants to produce documenation on the spot is akin to demanding proof of residence from parents when enrolling their children in school. The absurdity of it all is that the host never even considered who be targeted as "potentially illegal" and , more importantly, who wouldn't be targeted. Being white presents itself with the privilege of not being effected by racist laws like this, and since they are not sensitive to the perspective of minorities who would be targeted, they simply ignore or dismiss that fatal flaw in this legislation. Binary thinking narrows the possibilities for solutions when people automatically ignore certain concepts and perspectives. It is just so amazingly ironic that in the state with the highest poverty and minority population rate in the country that much of the political and economic leadership see the issues of racism and poverty in such binary terms. Poor and minority people are so misunderstood precisely because the state leadership rarely had to deal with them on a regular basis growing up, whether it was educationally in schools or socially through churches and other networks, much of the leadership in MS was reared in segregated spaces, away from the diversity that would help to inform their world views and perspectives. So, I guess Bubba, I would also count the seg. academies as sub-par due to the very nature of them being segregated. Segregated education, in this sense, limits thinking and stokes the seeds of indifference and intolerance, which are destructive to our state.

Also Bubba, After all of the other facts about the history and current policies that characterize education in MS that I presented, you only note a small parenthetical statement about the quality of seg. academies? Another prime example of the narrow thinking that they encourage.

Rockin' post, Renaldo. And this was just amazing, especially the bolded part. I could not have said it better. So, I guess Bubba, I would also count the seg. academies as sub-par due to the very nature of them being segregated. Segregated education, in this sense, limits thinking and stokes the seeds of indifference and intolerance, which are destructive to our state. I was just now talking about this same thing for an interview for a documentary, and I wish I had seen your statement first. I would have quoted you!

Renaldo- The sub par statement was the only thing I questioned, the rest your post is pretty much factual and I saw no need question it or discuss it. :)

Donna- The difference between us is a lot smaller than you realize. :) I'll try to reply to your post in more this weekend real busy right now.

Thanks Donna, Interestingly enough, I went to what some may call a “segregated” college (Morehouse College, in Atlanta, GA). It is a “Historically Black” and all male school that I would encourage any young black man to attend. I do believe that, though in the instance of seg. academies, the educational experience is indeed limiting and does ingrain indifference and intolerance, I would argue that in the sense of Morehouse, Spellman, and all HBCU’s, there is a different dynamic. In the case for HBCU’s, the students that attend are students who are traditionally minorities having to find their way in a white supremacist society. There are issues of identity, critical thinking, academic preparation, community advocacy, and self confidence that must be nurtured to produce well adjusted minority citizens prepared to dismantle white supremacy in their communities. So, I think there is a need, for a time, for many minority students to have that space where the issues of racism and identity need to be addressed in an environment where their racial identity can be affirmed, to amend any internalized self-hate born in the dominant culture. If that space has to be a “segregated” or homogenous space racially, it should be respected. I think in the case of seg. academies, the very fact that they excluded black students, reinforces the status quo of white supremacy, rather than preparing students to dismantle it. So, when I speak of segregation in that sense, I speak of the power relationships as much as the homogenous nature of physical separation by race. Keep in mind as well, not 1 HBCU has ever denied entry to a student because of race, can we say the same for seg. academies? I say all that to say that the argument about the ill effects of a so called “segregated education” doesn’t necessarily cut both ways. As with many other aspects of racism, there are complexities that must be understood by all peopel of good will in order to fully engage in the work of dismantling white supremacy.

Donna, I love you so much! Honestly I know I say it all the time but you and the JFP taught me so much about life. Miss y'all and Jackson!